SREL Brings Attention to Nonnative Species in the CSRA for National Invasive Species Awareness Week
By Tyjaha Steele and Katrina Ford
Invasive species, also known as non-native species, can pose a significant and costly threat to agriculture and native wildlife. These introduced animals and plants are disruptive due to no natural predators, allowing them to spread aggressively, displace native species, disrupt food webs, spread disease, and alter habitats in ways that are difficult, if not impossible, to reverse. Their presence and rapid expansion require active management to prevent further destruction.
Numerous invasive species have established themselves throughout the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA). For instance, the Cuban tree frog preys on native frogs, lizards, and snakes, impacting the entire food chain as it competes with native species for resources. Brown marmorated stink bugs, native to Asia, serve as severe agricultural pests by consuming vegetables and fruit. Nandina domestica, also known as heavenly bamboo, produces toxic berries for birds and outcompetes through crowding with native plants. However, few species cause as much destruction as feral pigs.
Wild pigs are among the most destructive invasive species in North America. Their rapid reproduction and adaptability allow them to thrive in nearly any environment, making them difficult to control. They root through forests, wetlands, and farmland, destroying crops, eroding soil, and competing with native species for food. They also carry diseases that threaten livestock, wildlife, and even humans. As their populations grow, the economic and environmental damage escalates.
At the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Jim Beasley, professor at SREL, is leading efforts to develop science-based solutions for managing invasive species, with a particular focus on wild pigs. His research examines how these species move through and adapt to changing landscapes, using field studies and laboratory techniques to track their behavior, population growth, and ecological impact. His work on wild pigs evaluates factors such as trapping methods, habitat conditions, and food availability to help landowners and wildlife managers determine the most effective strategies for controlling pig populations and reducing their impact.
Managing invasive species requires ongoing research efforts to slow their spread and reduce their impact. As the challenges posed by these species continue to escalate, proactive measures are necessary to prevent invasive species from expanding their range and causing irreparable damage.